Risk factors for colonoscopic perforation: A population-based study of 80118 cases

Table 1 Potential risk factors stratified by colonic perforation n (%)

	No perforation(n = 80068)	Perforation(n = 50)	P-value
Age category (yr)			< 0.0001
18-50	13698 (17.11)	5 (10.00)
50-65	38695 (48.33)	10 (20.00)
65-80	22954 (28.67)	20 (40.00)
80+	4271 (5.90)	15 (30.00)
Gender	n = 80059	n = 50	0.0183
Male	38972 (46.68)	16 (32.00)
Female	41087 (51.32)	34 (68.00)
BMI (median, IQR)	28.66 (25.14, 32.92)	26.27 (20.70, 28.55)	0.0002
(5.35% unknown)3	n = 79615	n = 48
Operator specialty4	n = 78421	n = 46	0.2290
Surgery	13826 (17.63)	5 (10.87)
Gastroenterology	64595 (82.37)	41 (89.13)
Type of colonoscopy2			< 0.0001
Therapeutic	37867 (47.29)	13 (26.53)
Polypectomy	16367 (20.44)	6 (12.42)
Dilation	97 (0.12)	2 (4.08)
Biopsy	18807 (23.49)	2 (4.08)
Other1	2596 (3.2)	3 (6.1)
Screening	29898 (37.34)	3 (6.12)
Diagnostic	12303 (15.37)	33 (67.35)
Number of Interventions performed5			0.0342
1	73919 (92.32)	45 (90.00)
2	5527 (6.90)	3 (6.00)
3	622 (0.78)	2 (4.00)
Count of morbidities			0.2004
0	55601 (69.4)	31 (62.0)
1	17330 (21.6)	11 (22.0)
2+	7137 (8.9)	8 (16.0)
Setting			< 0.0001
Inpatient	4132 (5.2)	23 (46.0)
Outpatient	75936 (94.8)	27 (54.0)
ICU	85 (0.1)	9 (18.0)	< 0.0001
Indications for CP
Abdominal pain	3623 (4.52)	7 (14.00)	0.0070
Anemia	1875 (2.34)	5 (10.00)	0.0063
Bleeding	3615 (4.51)	7 (14.00)	0.0070
Crohn’s disease	329 (0.41)	2 (4.00)	0.0183
Diarrhea	2565 (3.20)	0 (0)	0.4115
Diverticulosis of colon	15635 (19.53)	10 (20.00)	0.9328
Obstruction	416 (0.52)	0 (0)	0.9999
Ulcerative colitis	920 (1.15)	1 (2.00)	0.4391
Weight loss	464 (0.58)	1 (2.00)	0.2526
Creatinine (median, IQR) (12% unknown)	0.9 (0.7, 1.0)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)	0.9824

¹Includes foreign body removal, hemostasis;

²Info to ascertain type of colonoscopy in one perforation not available;

³Two body mass index (BMI) in perforation group not available;

⁴Operator specialty of 4 perforations are other then gastroenterology and general surgery;

⁵Number of interventions includes biopsy, polypectomy ,dilations and hemostasis. ICU: Intensive care unit; CP: Cerebral palsy; IQR: Interquartile range.