Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, ZO-1 downregulation and tight junction disruption via a TNF-α-regulated mechanism

Table 3 Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion injury

Group	Tumor necrosis factor-α(pg/mL)
	2 h	6 h	24 h	72 h	144 h
Sham group	87.07 ± 6.47	84.45 ± 4.18	87.60 ± 6.25	83.91 ± 6.67	86.54 ± 5.62
NS + I/R injury	226.32 ± 11.94b	332.95 ± 49.03d	221.80 ± 16.06d	180.87 ± 8.63b	134.84 ± 7.18b
BM MSCs + I/R injury	214.21 ± 17.77b	236.76 ± 20.66bd	190.39 ± 4.24a,d	177.00 ± 2.52b	91.67 ± 3.84b

All values are mean ± SD (n = 6).

^bP < 0.01 vs Sham group;

^dP < 0.01 vs the saline (NS) + ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury group. BM MSCs: Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells.