Prediction of risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

Table 2 Univariate analysis of lymph node metastases in early gastric cancer and clinicopathological factors n (%)

Clinicopathological factors	LN (+)	LN (-)	P1
The entire study population
Age			0.887
< 60 yr	16 (14.7)	93 (85.3)
≥ 60 yr	13 (14.0)	80 (86.0)
Sex			0.213
Male	16 (12.1)	116 (87.9)
Female	13 (18.6)	57 (81.4)
Tumor site			0.001
Upper	2 (8.0)	23 (92.0)
Middle	15 (15.3)	83 (84.7)
Lower	12 (15.2)	67 (84.8)
Size of tumor			0.240
≤ 2 cm	11 (11.3)	86 (88.7)
> 2 cm	18 (17.1)	87 (82.9)
No. of resected nodes			0.580
< 15	15 (13.2)	99 (86.9)
≥ 15	14 (15.9)	74 (84.1)
Tumor depth			0.008a
Mucosal	11 (9.0)	111 (91.0)
Submucosal	18 (22.5)	62 (77.5)
Macroscopic type			0.001a
Elevated	4 (16)	21 (84)
Flat	3 (14.3)	18 (85.7)
Depressed	22 (14.1)	134 (85.9)
Histologic type			0.332
Differentiated	15 (12.4)	106 (87.6)
Undifferentiated	14 (17.3)	67 (82.7)
Lyphovessel ambolus			0.149
+	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
-	28 (14.0)	172 (86.0)
Vessel ambolus			0.003a
+	3 (60.0)	2 (40.0)
-	26 (13.2)	171 (86.8)
Nerve invasion			N
+	0 (0)	0 (0)
-	29 (14.4)	173 (85.6)
CEA			0.681
+	0 (0)	1 (100)
-	29 (14.4)	173 (85.6)
Mucosa cancer
Age			0.234
< 60 yr	8 (11.8)	60 (88.2)
≥ 60 yr	3 (5.6)	51 (94.4)
Sex			0.578
Male	6 (7.9)	70 (92.1)
Female	5 (10.9)	41 (89.1)
Tumor site			0.976
Upper	1 (10.0)	9 (90.0)
Middle	6 (9.4)	58 (90.6)
Lower	4 (8.3)	44 (91.7)
Size of tumor			0.142
≤ 2 cm	3 (5.1)	56 (94.9)
> 2 cm	8 (12.7)	55 (87.3)
No. of resected nodes			0.580
< 15	7 (10.3)	61 (89.7)
≥ 15	4 (7.4)	50 (92.6)
Macroscopic type			0.539
Elevated	2 (11.1)	16 (88.9)
Flat	0 (0)	11 (100)
Depressed	9 (9.7)	84 (90.3)
Histologic type			0.073
Differentiated	4 (5.3)	71 (94.7)
Undifferentiated	7 (14.9)	40 (85.1)
Lyphovessel ambolus			N
+	0 (0)	0 (0)
-	11 (9.0)	111 (91.0)
Vessel ambolus			N
+	0 (0)	0 (0)
-	11 (9.0)	111 (91.0)
Nerve invasion			N
+	0 (0)	0 (0)
-	11 (9.0)	110 (91.0)
CEA			0.752
+	0 (0)	1 (100)
-	11 (9.1)	110 (90.9)
Submucosal cancer
Age			0.512
< 60 yr	8 (19.5)	33 (80.5)
≥ 60 yr	10 (25.6)	29 (74.4)
Sex			0.129
Male	10 (17.9)	46 (82.1)
Female	8 (33.3)	16 (66.7)
Tumor site			0.265
Upper	1 (6.7)	14 (93.3)
Middle	9 (26.5)	25 (73.5)
Lower	8 (25.8)	23 (74.2)
Tumor size			0.768
≤ 2 cm	8 (21.1)	30 (78.9)
> 2 cm	10 (23.8)	32 (76.2)
No. of resected nodes			0.203
< 15	8 (17.4)	38 (82.6)
≥ 15	10 (29.4)	24 (70.6)
Macroscopic type			0.742
Elevated	2 (28.6)	5 (71.4)
Flat	3 (30.0)	7 (70.0)
Depressed	13 (20.6)	50 (79.4)
Histologic type			0.725
Differentiated	11 (23.9)	35 (76.1)
Undifferentiated	7 (20.6)	27 (79.4)
Lyphovessel ambolus			0.346
+	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
-	17 (21.8)	61 (78.2)
Vessel ambolus			0.038a
+	3 (60.0)	2 (40.0)
-	15 (20.0)	60 (80.0)
Nerve invasion			N
+	0 (0)	0 (0)
-	18 (22.5)	62 (77.5)
CEA			N
+	0 (0)	0 (0)
-	18 (22.5)	62 (77.5)

¹Statistically significant. Tumor site: middle and lower vs upper; Tumor depth: submucosa vs mucosa; Macroscopic type: flat and depressed vs elevated; Vessel ambolus: + (present) vs - (absent),

^aP < 0.05. In patients with mucosal cancers, no significant differences in the occurrence of lymph node metastases were found in relation to the clinicopathological factors. CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.