Chemokines, chemokine receptors and the gastrointestinal system

Figure 1 Chemokine-induced signal transduction pathways. Schematic representation of signaling pathways activated by binding of chemokine ligands to their seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases; TFs: Transcription factors; RTK: Receptor tyrosine kinase; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MEK: Mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase; PI-3K: Phosphatidyl inositide-3-OH kinase; MKK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; AKT: Protein kinase B.