Increased international normalized ratio level in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population and univariate analysis of comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with and without diabetes n (%)

Variable	Total patients (n = 375)	HCC patients with diabete (n = 63)	HCC patients without diabetes (n = 312)	P value
Male sex	312 (83.2)	51 (81.0)	261 (83.7)	0.601
Mean age, yr (mean ± SD)	56.4 ± 11.0	59.5 ± 10.3	55.8 ± 11.1	0.015
Body weight1, kg (mean ± SD)	68.1 ± 10.9	69.3 ± 13.0	67.8 ± 10.5	0.346
Body height2, cm (mean ± SD)	168.8 ± 7.0	168.6 ± 8.0	168.9 ± 6.8	0.810
BMI3, kg/m2 (mean ± SD)	23.77 ± 3.39	23.69 ± 3.51	23.68 ± 3.71	0.991
Overweight or obesity3	159 (56.6)	27 (57.4)	132 (56.4)	0.896
History of hypertension	88 (23.5)	17 (27.0)	71 (22.8)	0.470
SBP, mmHg (mean ± SD)	130 ± 17	133 ± 17	129 ± 16	0.048
DBP, mmHg (mean ± SD)	79 ± 10	78 ± 10	79 ± 10	0.455
Smoking	154 (41.4)	20 (31.7)	134 (42.9)	0.099
Alcohol intake	104 (27.7)	14 (22.2)	90 (28.8)	0.284
HBV infection	328 (87.5)	50 (79.4)	278 (89.1)	0.033
HCV infection	22 (5.9)	3 (4.8)	19 (6.1)	0.908
Liver cirrhosis	199 (53.1)	38 (60.3)	161 (51.6)	0.206
Fatty liver	11 (2.9)	2 (3.2)	9 (2.9)	1.000
Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification4
Child A	243 (65.5)	35 (56.5)	208 (67.3)	0.101
Child B	92 (24.8)	17 (27.4)	75 (24.3)	0.600
Child C	36 (9.7)	10 (16.1)	26 (8.4)	0.061
AFP > 400 ng/mL5	167 (45.8)	27 (43.5)	140 (46.2)	0.702
Neutrophil, × 109/L (mean ± SD)	4.13 ± 2.49	3.88 ± 2.52	4.18 ± 2.49	0.389
Hemoglobin, g/L (mean ± SD)	132.5 ± 23.8	124.4 ± 23.9	134.2 ± 23.4	0.003
Platelet count, × 109/L	130 (85-189)	113 (64-157)	139 (89-192)	0.020
ALT, U/L	45 (29-81)	44 (27-91)	45 (30-79)	0.943
AST, U/L	62 (38-117)	52 (34-97)	66 (39-119)	0.124
ALP, U/L	111 (82-176)	111 (84-171)	111 (81-177)	0.907
GGT, U/L	106 (55-233)	96 (51-190)	109 (57-239)	0.406
INR6 (mean ± SD)	1.20 ± 0.27	1.31 ± 0.44	1.18 ± 0.21	0.001
Total bilirubin, mg/L	16 (10-27)	17 (10-31)	16 (10-25)	0.561
Albumin, g/L (mean ± SD)	37.4 ± 6.0	36.4 ± 5.9	37.6 ± 6.0	0.148
Total cholesterol, mmol/L (mean ± SD)	4.26 ± 1.34	4.18 ± 1.12	4.28 ± 1.39	0.662
BUN, mmol/L	5.14 (4.00-6.36)	5.12 (3.92-6.46)	5.18 (4.04-6.34)	0.738
Creatinine, μmol/L	80 (71-88)	80 (70-97)	80 (71-88)	0.860

Data were available in

¹366 (60 + 306),

²286 (49 + 237),

³281 (47 + 234),

⁴371 (62 + 309),

⁵365 (62 + 303) and

⁶367 (62 + 305) patients. The numbers before the brackets indicate the total available cases in the two groups. BMI: Body mass index; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; INR: International normalized ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; ALT: Aminoleucine transferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase.