Alcohol, postprandial plasma glucose, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors related to survival period after diagnosis of stage T1-T4 hepatocellular carcinoma

	HR	95% CI	P value
Age (< 69/≥ 69 yr)	0.899	0.587-1.376	0.6232
Sex (M/F)	1.218	0.760-1.952	0.4132
Stage of underlying liver disease (non-cirrhosis, Child-Pugh A/Child-Pugh B, C)	0.537	0.394-0.733	0.0001
T stage in the TNM system (T1,T2/T3, T4)	0.419	0.330-0.531	< 0.0001
Number of HCCs (solitary/multiple)	0.192	0.119-0.309	< 0.0001
Maximum size of HCCs (< 20/≥ 20 mm)	0.403	0.260-0.623	< 0.0001
Vascular invasion of HCCs (no/yes)	0.105	0.051-0.216	< 0.0001
Method of therapy (curative/non curative)1	0.432	0.272-0.687	0.0004
HBs-Ag (negative/positive)	1.078	0.538-2.163	0.8317
HCV-Ab (negative/positive)	1.362	0.858-2.162	0.1907
AST (< 63/≥ 63 IU/L)	0.554	0.357-0.861	0.0089
ALT (< 49/≥ 49 IU/L)	0.939	0.609-1.448	0.7750
AFP (< 41/≥ 41 ng/mL)	0.260	0.155-0.439	< 0.0001
PIVKA-II (< 83/≥ 83 mAU/mL)	0.200	0.103-0.386	< 0.0001
Habitual alcohol drinkers (yes/no)	1.130	0.740-1.726	0.5722
Uninterrupted alcohol consumption after initial therapy for HCC (no/yes)	0.489	0.278-0.861	0.0135
BMI (≥ 25/< 25 kg/m2)	0.885	0.530-1.476	0.6398
Presence of DM (yes/no)	1.141	0.731-1.782	0.5623
Mean postprandial plasma glucose level after initial therapy for HCC (< 200/≥ 200 mg/dL)	0.131	0.051-0.336	< 0.0001

¹Curative therapies are surgical resection, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, and percutaneous percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. M: Male; F: Female; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBs-Ag: Surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus; HCV-Ab: Hepatitis C antibody; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AFP: α-fetoprotein; PIVKA-II: Proteins induced by vitamin KAbsense of antagonist-II; BMI: Body mass index; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HR: Hazard ratio.