Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: Where do we stand?

Table 4 Short-term outcomes of patients in randomized control trial

Ref.	Length of stay (d)		Anastomotic leak (%)		Wound infection (%)		Ileus (%)		Pain/PCA use (mg) or (number of shots)		Mortality
	Open	Lap	Open	Lap	Open	Lap	Open	Lap	Open	Lap	Open	Lap
Kang et al[40]	9 (8-12)	8 (7-12)	0	2 (1.2)	11 (6.5)	2 (1.2)a	22 (12.9)	17 (10)	156.9 (117.0-185.2)	107.2 (80.0-150.0)	0	0
Ng eet al[45]	10.0 (3-39)	8.4 (2-32)a	4 (5.2)	1 (1.3)	9 (11.7)	5 (6.6)	2 (2.6)	1 (1.3)	8.3 (0-49)	4.9 (0-23)a	3 (3.9)	2 (2.6)
Lujan et al[31]	9.9 (6.8)	8.2 (7.3)	10 (12)	5 (6)	2 (1.9)	0 (0)	8 (7.8)	6 (5.9)	NA	NA	3 (2.9)	2 (1.9)
Ng et al[39]	11.5 (5-38)	10.8 (5-27)	NA	NA	4 (8.3)	0 (0)	2 (4.2)	1 (2.0)	11.4 (0-49)	6.0 (0-47)a	1 (2.8)	1 (2.5)
Guillou et al[7]/Jayne et al[12]	13 (9-18)	11 (9-15)	9 (7)	26 (10)	15 (12)	33 (13)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Braga et al[38]	13.6 (6-80)	10 (6-27)a	9 (10.6)	8 (9.6)	13 (15.3)	6 (7.2)	2 (2.3)	2 (2.4)	NA	NA	1 (1.2)	1 (1.2)
Zhou et al[35]	13.3 (3.4)	8.1 (3.1)a	3 (3.4)	1 (1.2)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0 (0)	0 (0)
Araujo et al[34]	< 10.5	10.5	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

PCA: Patient controlled analgesia; NA: Not available.

^aP < 0.05 vs Open.