Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: Where do we stand?

Table 3 Short-term oncologic outcomes of patients from randomized control trials

Ref.	LN		Positive margin (CRM/distal) (%)
	Open	Lap	Open	Lap
Kang et al[40]	18 (13-24)	17 (12-22)	7 (4.1)/NA	5 (2.9)/NA
Ng eet al[45]	12 (7)	11.5 (7.9)	1 (1.3)/NA	2 (2.6)/NA
Lujan et al[31]	11.57 (5.10)	13.63 (6.26)a	3 (2.9)/0	4 (4.0)/0
Ng et al[39]	13.0 (7)	12.4 (6.7)	2 (4.2)/NA	3 (5.9)/NA
Guillou et al[7]/Jayne et al[12]	NA	NA	(14)/NA	(16)/NA
Braga et al[38]	13.6 (6.9)	12.7 (7.3)	2 (2.4)/0	1 (1.2)/0
Zhou et al[35]	NA	NA	NA	NA
Araujo et al[34]	11.9	5.5a	NA	NA

LN: Lymph nodes; CRM: Circumferential resection margin; NA: Not available.

^aP < 0.05 vs Open.