Signaling pathway/molecular targets and new targeted agents under development in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Ongoing clinical trials (PIII)

First line

Comparison study between sorafenib and single agent (head to head):

Sunitinib → endpoint not met

Brivanib

Linifanib

Combination with sorafenib and another agent:

DXR, erlotinib (SEARCH), everolimus, CS-1008, etc.

Second line

Sorafenib failure: Brivanib, everolimus (RAD001), ramucirumab, axitinib, S-1, etc.

Combination with standard therapy

Adjuvant setting after surgery or RFA: STORM

Combination with TACE: SPACE, BRISK-TA, TACTICS, ECOG1208

Combination with HAIC: SILIUS

TACTICS: Phase II study: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy in combination with sorafenib (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01217034), SILIUS: Randomized controlled trial comparing efficacy of sorafenib vs sorafenib in combination with low dose cisplatin/fluorouracil hepatic arterial InfUSion chemotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and exploratory study of biomarker predicting its efficacy (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01214343); HAIC: Hespatic arterial infusion chemotherapy; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization.