Photodynamic therapy prolongs metal stent patency in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Table 2 Univariate analysis of all prognostic factors associated with stent patency and patient survival in all patients

Variables	Univariate (Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test)
	Cases	Median stent patency (d)	P value	Median patient survival (d)	P value
Age (yr)
< 65 vs≥ 65	12:21	174:206	0.524	539:290	0.103
Gender
Male vs female	24:9	193:298	0.278	322:303	0.766
CA 19-9 (U/mL)
< 100 vs≥ 100	7:26	215:177	0.308	250:317	0.145
Pre-PDT bilirubin (mg/dL)
< 3.0 vs≥ 3.0	15:18	244:181	0.112	493:250	0.026
T stage1
T1,2 vs T3,4	11:22	174:207	0.388	317:283	0.527
Number of endoprotheses
Unilateral vs bilateral	21:12	206:193	0.454	317:322	0.758
Bismuth type
II, III vs IV	19:14	206:193	0.644	283:356	0.551
PDT method
PTCS vs ERCP	11:22	200:334	0.075	322:214	0.621
Treatment group
PDT vs ERBD	18:15	244:177	0.002	356:283	0.023

¹American Joint Committee Cancer (AJCC) staging, 7th edition. PDT: Photodynamic therapy; PTCS: Percutaneous cholangioscopy; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; CA: Carbohydrate antigen; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.