Sedation-associated hiccups in adults undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy

Table 3 Intra- and post-procedure study parameters of patients in the sedation group (Group B) n (%)

	Hiccups (n = 43)	No hiccups (n = 167)	P value
Endoscopy time (min)	16 (5-40)	15 (0-35)	0.186
Sedation regimens, mean (range)
Fentanyl (μg)	50	50	-
Midazolam (mg)	2 (0-2)	1 (0-2.5)	0.028
2% Lidocaine (mg)	40 (0-60)	40 (0-60)	0.453
Propofol (mg)	70 (50-150)	80 (40-200)	0.955
Diagnostic findings of endoscopy, n (%)
Superficial gastritis	41 (95.3)	163 (97.6)	0.428
Gastric ulcer	3 (7.0)	18 (10.8)	0.459
Duodenal ulcer	4 (9.3)	14 (8.4)	0.848
Gastric polyp	3 (4.7)	10 (6.0)	0.736
Esophageal diverticulum	0 (0.0)	2 (1.2)	0.471
GERD	11 (25.6)	19 (11.4)	0.018
Internal hemorrhoid	20 (46.5)	68 (40.7)	0.492
Colon polyp	4 (9.3)	7 (4.2)	0.180
Rectal polyp	4 (9.3)	7 (4.2)	0.180
Cecal diverticulosis	1 (2.3)	3 (1.8)	0.821

The data are presented as median (range) (skewed data) or n (%) (categorical data). GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.