Sedation-associated hiccups in adults undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients in the sedation group (Group B) n (%)

	Hiccups (n = 43)	No hiccups (n = 167)	P value
Gender (male)	29 (67.4)	82 (49.1)	0.032
Body weight (kg)	66.0 ± 10.1	63.9 ± 19.0	0.524
Age (yr)	47.3 ± 11.5	49.3 ± 11.5	0.306
Diabetes	4 (9.3)	8 (4.8)	0.256
Hypertension	7 (16.3)	26 (15.6)	0.909
Cigarette smoking/alcohol consumption	6 (14.0)	30 (18.0)	0.534
Cerebrovascular diseases	2 (4.7)	4 (2.4)	0.428
Gastrointestinal diseases	7 (16.3)	23 (13.8)	0.675
GERD-like syndromes	5 (11.6)	12 (7.2)	0.341
Liver diseases	4 (9.3)	18 (10.8)	0.778
Psychological disorders	1 (2.3)	3 (1.8)	0.821
Drugs history
NSAIDs	3 (7.0)	3 (1.8)	0.069
Benzodiazepines	1 (2.3)	6 (3.6)	0.680
Aminophylline	0 (0)	2 (1.2)	0.471
Premedication
Buscopan	37 (86.0)	121 (76.5)	0.066

The data are presented as the mean ± SD (normally distributed data) or n (%) (categorical data). NSAIDs: Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.