Pathogenesis of achalasia cardia

Table 1 Studies comparing autoantibody levels between achalasia patients and control subjects

Authors	Tests	Autoantibody, n/N (%)		P value
		Achalasia	Control
Storch et al[32]	Indirect immunofluorescence	37/58 (64)	4/54 (7) in healthy	< 0.0001
			Absent in 12 of Hirschsprung’s disease
			Absent in 12 esophageal cancer
Verne et al[33]	Double-label Indirect immunofluorescence	7/18 (40)	Absent in 22 healthy	< 0.05
			Absent in 9 GERD
Ruiz-de-León et al[34]	Indirect immunofluorescence	50/92 (54.3)	3/40 (7.5)	< 0.001
Moses et al[36]	Immunohistochemistry	23/45 (51)	2/22 (9) in healthy control	< 0.001
			8/16 (50) of GERD	NS

GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; NS: Not significant.