Pregnancy related issues in inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence base and patients' perspective

Table 2 Medication recommendation for pregnancy and breast feeding

Class	Drugs	FDA category	Pregnancy advice	Detection in breast milk
Aminosalicylates	Sulfasalazine, balsalazide, mesalazine	B	Safe to use (folate supplementation for sulfasalazine)	Low levels detectable
Aminosalicylates	Olsalazine	C	Safe to use
Antibiotics	Metronidazole	B	Safe to use
Antibiotics	Ciprofloxacin		Limited data; probably safe
Corticosteroids	Prednisolone, budesonide	C	Safe to use	Detectable
Thiopurines	Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine	D	Safe to use	Very low levels detectable
Folate antagonist	Methotrexate	X	Absolutely contraindicated
Biological agent	Infliximab	B	Probably safe (avoid during 3rd trimester)	Not detectable
Biological agent	Adalimumab	B	Probably safe (avoid during 3rd trimester)	Very low levels detectable

FDA: Food and Drug Administration.