Age, smoking and overweight contribute to the development of intestinal metaplasia of the cardia

Table 4 Relationship between reflux and Barrett’s esophagus, hiatus hernia, tobacco use, sex, age and body mass index n (%)

	Total	Reflux			P value
		Grade 0	Grade 1	Grade 2
No. of patients	217	59	17	141
Short segment Barrett’s	9 (4)	1 (11)	0	8 (89)	0.010
Long segment Barrett’s	19 (9)	1 (5)	1 (5)	17 (90)	0.010
Normal gastroesophageal junction	189 (87)	59 (31)	16 (9)	114 (60)	0.002
Hiatus hernia
Absent	157 (72)	49 (31)	13 (8)	94 (61)	0.060
Present	60 (28)	10 (17)	4 (7)	46 (76)	NS
Tobacco
Non smoker	119 (55)	32 (27)	13 (11)	74 (62)	NS
Past smoker	11 (5)	1 (10)	1 (10)	9 (80)	NS
Current smoker all	87 (40)	26 (29)	11 (13)	51 (48)	NS
Current smoker 0.5 p/d	48 (22)	14 (29)	7 (15)	27 (56)	NS
Current smoker > 1.0 p/d	39 (18)	12 (30)	3 (8)	24 (62)	NS
Sex
Male	97 (45)	22 (23)	6 (6)	69 (71)	NS
Female	120 (55)	37 (31)	11 (9)	72 (60)	NS
Age
Mean age	45.3	42	45.2	46.8	0.080
Body Mass Index
Mean BMI	29.8	27.9	33.1	30.2	0.080

BMI: Body mass index; NS: Not significant.