Hepatocellular carcinoma in Budd-Chiari syndrome: A single center experience with long-term follow-up in South Korea

Table 4 Prevalence and characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome from the literature

Ref.	Matsui et al[3]	Shin et al[24]	Moucari et al[7]	Gwon et al[6]
Year, country	2000, Japan	2004, South Korea	2008, France	2010, South Korea
Study design	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective	Retrospective
Study period	Apr 1968-Feb 1999	Mar 1989-Aug 2001	1987-2005	Mar 1990-Nov 2008
No. of patient with BCS	12	73	97	98
HCC (%)	3 (25)	15 (20.5)	11 (11.3)	23 (23)
Cumulative incidence of HCC	-	-	4 yr 3%	1 yr 7.3%
			7 yr 6%	5 yr 13.5%
			14 yr 12%	10 yr 31.8%
Tx. for HCC	Resection (1)	TACE (11)	TACE (7)	TACE (20)
	TAE (1)	Resection (2)	LT (3)	TACE + LT (3)
	iA chemotherapy (1)	Conservative tx. (2)	Conservative tx. (1)
Survival rate of HCC in patients with BCS
Median survival period (mo)	-	58 (range, 3-59)	-	-
Cumulative survival	-	1 yr 93%	-	1 yr 90%
		2 yr 84%		2 yr 85%
		3 yr 72%		3 yr 61%
				4 yr 61%
				5 yr 46%
Risk factors for HCC in patients with BCS
Risk factors	Chronic congestion in the liver, caused by an outflow block of hepatic veins	-	Male gender,	Female gender2
			Coagulopathy1,
			IVC obstruction
Analysis method	No statistical analysis (mere presumption)	-	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; BCS: Budd-Chiari syndrome; Tx.: Treatment; TAE: Transarterial embolization; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; iA: Intra-arterial; LT: Liver transplantation.

¹Coagulopathy harbored factor V Leiden;

²Female gender showed an odds ratio of 6.02 with P < 0.001 in Cox regression analysis; IVC: Inferior vena cava.