Meta-analysis of robotic and laparoscopic surgery for treatment of rectal cancer

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Study	Country	Group	No. of patients	Mean age (yr)	Gender (M/F)	Level of evidence
Park et al[6]	Korea	RS	52	57.3 (± 12.3)	28/24	3
		LS	123	65.1 (± 10.3)	70/53
Baek et al[7]	United States	RS	41	63.6 (48-87)	25/16	3
		LS	41	63.7 (42-88)	25/16
Kwak et al[8]	Korea	RS	59	60 (53-68)	39/20	3
		LS	59	59 (53-69)	42/17
Popescu et al[9]	Romania	RS	38	53 (± 11.27)	23/15	3
		LS	84	60 (± 12.27)	51/33
Bianchi et al[10]	Italy	RS	25	69 (33-83)	18/7	2
		LS	25	62 (42-77)	17/8
Patriti et al[11]	Italy	RS	29	68 ± 10	NA	3
		LS	37	69 ± 10	NA
Baik et al[12]	Korea	RS	18	57.3 ± 6.3	14/4	2
		LS	18	62.0 ± 9.0	14/4
Pigazzi et al[13]	United States	RS	6	60 (42-78)	4/2	3
		LS	6	70 (57-88)	2/4

NA: Not available; RS: Robotic surgery; LS: Laparoscopic surgery.