Double-balloon-enteroscopy-based endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in post-surgical patients

Table 3 Results of push-enteroscopy and double balloon enteroscopy-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: therapeutic measures and (means ± SD) of sedation, X-rays and procedure time

Pts.	Push ERCP-/DBE-ERCP		Sedation		X-ray		Procedure Time (min)
	Procedures	Therapy	Dose (mg)	Drug	Time (min)	Dose (103 cGy/cm2)
1	7	Ostium incision (snare, papillotome) dilation, 2 stents inserted, regular change of 2 stents/1 yr	12.8 ± 3 132 ± 31	Midazolam Pethidine	19 ± 11	3.4 ± 2	122 ± 158
2	1	Not successful, re-operation	10.0	Midazolam	3.3	1.0	82
			100	Pethidine
			120	Butylscopolamine
3 P	3	Ostium incision (papillotome), dilation, stent insertion, regular change of stent/1 yr	15.0 ± 1	Midazolam	7.5 ± 7	1.8 ± 1.9	115 ± 79
			125 ± 35	Pethidine
			40	Butylscopolamine
4 P	4	Stent insertion, regular change of stent/1 yr	12 ± 2	Midazolam	20 ± 29	3.1 ± 1.6	110 ± 171
			137 ± 25	Pethidine
			5	Diazepam
5	2	Not successful, PTCD	12 ± 1	Midazolam	2.8 ± 1	4.0 ± 0.2	77 ± 11
			150	Pethidine
			5	Diazepam
			40	Butylscopolamine
6 P	2	Stent insertion, closure of bile duct leakage	7.8 ± 0.4	Midazolam	4.0 ± 1	0.4 ± 0.1	135 ± 71
			100	Pethidine
7	9	Ostium incision (papillotome), 2 stents inserted, regular change of stents/1 yr	1691 ± 867	Propofol	7.1 ± 6	1.8 ± 2.4	168 ± 131
			135 ± 74	Pethidine
			40	Butylscopolamine
8	4	Bougienage pancreaticojejunostomy, stent insertion into pancreatic duct and pseudocyst; normal hepatico-jejunostomy	13.3 ± 2	Midazolam	11.8 ± 9	2.0 ± 2	161 ± 92
			158 ± 38	Pethidine
			40 ± 28	Butylscopolamine
9	1	Normal hepaticojejunostomy	14	Midazolam	10.1	0.5	91
			150	Pethidine
10	4	3 stents inserted, one change of 2 stents	11.2 ± 5	Midazolam	12.6 ± 9	0.6 ± 0.4	61 ± 12
			133 ± 28	Pethidine
11	4	Insertion nasobiliary probe, dilation, stone extraction, insertion of stent	9.5 ± 1	Midazolam	8.1 ± 2	0.7 ± 0.4	61 ± 22
			125 ± 35	Pethidine
			20	Butylscopolamine
12	8	Bougienage, papillotomy, papilla dilation 8-10mm, stent insertion, regular change of stents/18 months	1082 ± 476	Propofol	14 ± 8	3.1 ± 1.8	113 ± 97
			156 ± 77	Pethidine
			47 ± 11	Butylscopolamine
13	3	Stent insertion, regular change of stent unsuccessful due to progredient papilla tumor, PTCD	10.8 ± 3	Midazolam	13 ± 4	5.9 ± 2.9	177 ± 61
			91 ± 52	Pethidine
			40 ± 28	Butylscopolamine
14	2	Not successful, PTCD	25 ± 7	Midazolam	5.4 ± 1	0.8 ± 0.1	155 ± 21
			175 ± 35	Pethidine
15	2	Not successful, PTCD	7.8 ± 3	Midazolam	5.9 ± 2	1.5 ± 0.3	122 ± 46
			100 ± 25	Pethidine
			40	Butylscopolamine
16	1	Ostium incision (papillotome), 2 stents inserted (perforation)	14	Midazolam	15.7	1.7	155
			150	Pethidine
			5	Diazepam
17	5	Papillotomy*, bougienage, nasobiliary probe; insertion of 2 stents, regular change of 2 stents/9 mo	16.8 ± 4	Midazolam	11.6 ± 11	2.5 ± 2.6	198 ± 98
			210 ± 74	Pethidine
			16.7 ± 10	Diazepam
			30 ± 11	Butylscopolamine
18	1	Stone extraction	19	Midazolam	24.4	5.3	178
			200	Pethidine
19	4	Extraction sludge & blood coagel, insertion nasobiliary probe, extraction of percutaneous drainage & insertion of 2 stents (rendezvous), regular change of 2 stents/ 9 mo	13 ± 1	Midazolam	9.7 ± 9	2.0 ± 1.8	82 ± 31
			116 ± 28	Pethidine
			5 ± 5	Diazepam
20	4	Papillotomy, stent insertion pancreatic duct, regular change of stent/6 mo, hemostasis with injection therapy	695 ± 275	Propofol	8.7 ± 1	0.7 ± 0.4	61 ± 13
			75 ± 50	PSSSethidine
			70 ± 14	Butylscopolamine
21	3	Insertion of 2 stents, regular change of 2 stents/6 mo	12 ± 1.8	Midazolam	15 ± 7	4.5 ± 1.9	185 ± 32
			158 ± 62	Pethidine
22	1	Papillotomy, insertion of 2 stents	19	Midazolam	17.2	4.5	113
			200	Pethidine
			40	Butylscopolamine
23	1	Not successful, PTCD	16	Midazolam	0.6	0.2	63
			50	Pethidine
			20	Butylscopolamine
24	2	Stent insertion	17.5 ± 2	Midazolam	18.9 ± 15	5.6 ± 2.8	150 ± 61
			100 ± 70	Pethidine
25 P	3	Stone/sludge extraction, dilation, biliary metal stent and malignant bile duct stricture, stent insertion, regular change of stent/9 mo	9 ± 4	Midazolam	12.9 ± 2	3.3 ± 1.1	54 ± 12
			200 ± 65	Pethidine
26	2	Ostium incision (papillotome), bougienage, stent insertion	7 ± 4	Midazolam	4.5 ± 2	1.2 ± 0.6	61 ± 23
			75 ± 35	Pethidine
			40 ± 20	Butylscopolamine
27	3	Papillotomy, extraction of percutaneous drainage and insertion of 2 stents (rendezvous)	5.7 ± 1	Midazolam	5.0 ± 1	1.0 ± 0.1	71 ± 12
			83 ± 28	Pethidine
			40	Butylscopolamine
28	1	Not successful, PTCD	5	Midazolam	2.1	0.6	109
			50	Pethidine
29	2	Papillotomy, bougienage, stent insertion	9 ± 2	Midazolam	9.2 ± 2	4.4 ± 0.3	113 ± 21
			150 ± 25	Pethidine
30	1	Sludge extraction, insertion nasobiliary	2.5	Midazolam	16.4	7.8	123
			50	Pethidine
31	2	Papillotomy, stone extraction, extraction of percutaneous drainage and insertion of stent (rendezvous)	7 ± 2	Midazolam	2.2 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 0.4	96 ± 31
			100 ± 25	Pethidine
			80	Butylscopolamine
32 P	1	Stent insertion	10	Midazolam	27.1	7.9	161
			200	Pethidine
			20	Butylscopolamine
33	2	Not successful, PTCD diagnostic pancreatography, extraction of percutaneous drainage with both ostium incision and insertion of 2 stents (rendezvous)	12 ± 5	Midazolam	10.6 ± 9	3.3 ± 2.5	97 ± 80
			150 ± 70	Pethidine
			40 ± 28	Butylscopolamine
34 P	3	Insertion of 2 stents, regular change of stents/12 mo	10 ± 7	Midazolam	19.9 ± 10	3.6 ± 2.3	98 ± 33
			183 ± 124	Pethidine
			10 ± 5	Diazepam
			20 ± 20	Butylscopolamine
35	1	Not successful, PTCD diagnostic pancreatography	11	Midazolam	0.3	0.1	86
			150	Pethidine
			40	Butylscopolamine
36	1	Normal choledochojejunostomy	7	Midazolam	2.1	1.8	51
			50	Pethidine
			20	Butylscopolamine
37	1	Ostium incision (papillotome), insertion of 2 stents	8.5	Midazolam	4.4	2.0	72
			150	Pethidine
Pts overall	Total number PE/DBE		Mean sedation dose per examination		Total x-ray time	Total x-ray dose	Total examination time
37	16 PE 86 DBE		11.7 ± 2.8	Midazolam	9.0 ± 5.5	2.5 ± 1.3	111 ± 54
			124 ± 45	Pethidine
			20 ± 20	Butylscopolamine
			1156 ± 593	Propofol

P: Push-enteroscopy; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; DBE: Double balloon enteroscopy; PTCD: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage; PE: Push-enteroscopy.