Hepatitis B and C infection and liver disease trends among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

Table 1 Characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, liver disease, and overall; Adult/adolescent spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases project, 11 U.S. metropolitan areas; 1998-2004 n (%)

	Total	Chronic hepatitis B	Hepatitis C	Liver disease
Characteristic	= 29 490	= 23321	= 54632	= 8321
	(100%)	(8%)	(19%)	(3%)
Gender
Male	72	84	74	78
Female	28	16	26	22
Race/Ethnicity
White non-Hispanic	25	31	24	34
Black non-Hispanic	43	49	42	34
Hispanic	19	11	22	29
Asian/Pacific Islander non-Hispanic	1	1	< 1	1
Native American non-Hispanic	< 1	< 1	10	1
Other/unknown	11	8	< 1	2
Age (yr)
13-29	24	22	11	13
30-39	43	46	41	40
40-49	25	24	37	34
50+	8	7	11	13
HIV transmission mode:
MSM	39	48	17	30
IDU	18	18	49	39
IDU and MSM	7	12	15	12
Other (i.e. heterosexual or blood product exposure)	16	9	9	9
Unknown	20	13	10	10
Ever prescribed HAART
Yes	66	75	67	72
No	34	25	33	28
Nadir CD4 count in cells/µL
≥ 500	11	6	10	5
200-499	34	30	32	22
< 200	55	64	58	74
Highest viral load in copies per mL
Undetectable to 9999	28	23	25	19
10 000-99 999	33	33	32	32
100 000-999 999	33	38	35	42
1 000 000 and higher	7	7	8	7
Vital status
Alive	85	80	80	43
Died	15	20	20	57
AIDS diagnosis
Never diagnosed with AIDS	37	26	32	19
AIDS	63	74	68	81
Substance use
Alcohol use/problem drinking	23	31	40	49
Non-IDU	29	39	44	37
Ongoing IDU	8	10	25	17

¹All comparisons of clinical and demographic characteristics presented in this table between individuals with and without chronic Hepatitis B virus and with and without liver disease are highly statistically significant (P values ≤ 0.001);

²All except two comparisons between individuals with and without chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are highly statistically significant (P values ≤ 0.001). These exceptions are gender and HCV (P = 0.004) and highly active antiretroviral (HAART) and HCV (P = 0.05). MSM: Male-male sex; IDU: Injection drug use.