Brief Article
Copyright ©2010 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 21, 2010; 16(43): 5490-5495
Published online Nov 21, 2010. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i43.5490
Table 1 Predictors of recurrent bleeding after epinephrine injection therapy in the univariate analysis
Sustained hemostasisRecurrent bleedingP value
Patient number14431
Age (yr)63.7 (±14.4)68.0 (±11.3)0.035
< 605550.019
≥ 608926
Sex0.375
Male10024
Female447
ASA category0.006
I, II442
III, IV, V10029
Shock0.003
Negative11918
Positive2513
Forrest class0.973
Active bleeding (Ia, Ib)9821
Recent bleeding (IIa, IIb)4610
Ulcer size (cm)1.0001
< 212828
≥ 2163
Injection approach0.689
Easy8016
Difficult6415
Ulcer location0.512
Stomach7915
Duodenum6516
Pre-endoscopic blood transfusion (mL)658 ± 475758 ± 4630.277
< 100092190.785
≥ 10005212
Hemoglobin (g/dL)9.5 ± 2.46.6 ± 1.7< 0.001
≥ 81046< 0.001
< 84025
Injection dose (mL)8.7 ± 4.110.4 ± 5.00.057
< 12127210.011
≥ 121710
Bleeding signs< 0.001
Mild11916
Severe2515
Patient status0.076
Outpatient8112
Inpatient6319
NSAID/aspirin0.738
User5110
Non-user9321