Serum response factor: Look into the gut

Table 1 Identified roles of SRF in the GI tract

GI system	Process involved	Molecules associated	GI disorder associated
Esophagus	Myofibroblast differentiation[19]	TGFβ, ILK	Ulcer
Stomach	Angiogenesis[20]	VEGF, Rho-actin, MEK-ERK	Ulcer
Stomach	Re-epithelialization, muscular structure restoration[6]	Actin, immediate-early genes	Ulcer
Stomach	H. pylori activates SRF[21,22]	CagA, villin	Intestinal metaplasia
Intestine	Smooth muscle contraction[23,24]	Smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin, smoothelin, F/G actin	Intestinal obstruction, CIPO
Colon	Alternative splicing, cell survival[26]	SRFΔ5, K-ras	Colon cancer
Liver	Cell cycle; hepatocyte proliferation/survival[29,30]	IGF-1	Liver injury
Liver	Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis[33]	E2F1	Hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver	Cell invasion[31]	E-cadherin, β-catenin	Liver metastasis
Pancreas	Cell proliferation[32]	Pro-inflammatory cytokines	Pancreatitis

SRF: Serum response factor; GI: Gastrointestinal; TGF: Transforming growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; MEK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERK: Extracellular regulated kinase; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; IGF: Insulin-like growth factors; CIPO: Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.