Alcohol-induced alterations of the hepatocyte cytoskeleton

Table 3 Ethanol-induced cytoskeletal protein modifications

Modification	Protein	System	EtOH exposure	Ref.
Lysine acetylation	α-tubulin	WIF-B cells, rat liver	Chronic	[8]
	β-actin	Rat liver	Chronic	[11]
	Cortactin	Rat liver	Chronic	[11]
Dephosphorylation	Keratin 81	Rat liver	Chronic	[15]
	Keratin 181	Rat liver	Chronic	[15]
Phosphorylation	Keratin 8	Rat liver	Acute	[16]
	Keratin 18	Rat liver	Acute	[16]
Cysteine oxidation	50 kDa dynactin subunit	Mouse liver	Chronic	[17]
	α-actin	Mouse liver	Chronic	[17]
	β-actin	Mouse liver	Chronic	[17]
	Keratin 1	Mouse liver	Chronic	[17]
	Keratin 2	Mouse liver	Chronic	[17]
	Keratin 9	Mouse liver	Chronic	[17]
	Keratin 10	Mouse liver	Chronic	[17]
	Keratin 14	Mouse liver	Chronic	[17]
	Keratin 16	Mouse liver	Chronic	[17]
Lysine adduction by acetaldehyde	α-tubulin	In vitro2	N/A	[18-20]
	MAPS	In vitro4	N/A	[18]
	Actin	In vitro5	N/A	[21]

¹Please see the text for a description of the multiple post-translational modifications on keratins 8 and 18 that are associated with Mallory-Denk bodies in ethanol-fed human and mouse hepatocytes;

²Purified from bovine brain or rat liver; ³Microtubule associated protein and motor fraction;

⁴Purified from bovine brain;

⁵Purified from rabbit skeletal muscle.