Short-chain fatty acids act as antiinflammatory mediators by regulating prostaglandin E2 and cytokines

Figure 6 SCFAs induce PGE₂ production by intraplantar injection into rat paws. The paw of male Sprague-Dawley rats was injected intraplantarly with 0.1 mL of 100 mmol/L formate, acetate, propionate or butyrate. Three micrograms of LPS in saline was also injected alone or in combination with 0.1 mL of 200 mmol/L butyrate. There were 4 rats per group. The normal group was not injected. Three hours post injection, rat paws were punched and fluids were collected in phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride buffer with indomethacin. All punch fluids were assayed for PGE₂ by ELISA. P < 0.01 for butyrate + LPS group vs normal group, Mann-Whitney U test.