Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Table 3 Additional biochemical markers that have been investigated in relation to ICP

Number of cases (controls)	Gestation	Parameter investigated	Main findings	References
76	NR	Serum human placental lactogen and AFP	↑ hPL, no difference in AFP	[88]
68	37-38/40	Pregnancy specific β-1-glycoprotein	↓ Levels	[89]
76 (150)	T3	Prolactin	↑ Prolactin from 33 wk	[94]
10 (288)	T3	Placental protein 10	↓ Placental protein 10 in ICP-negatively correlated with AST and SBA	[98]
NR	T3 + PN	Serum copper and zinc	↑ Copper in ICP	[91]
			No difference in zinc
NR	T3	Serum 25(OH)D, 24, 25(OH)D, 1, 25(OH)D, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase	25(OH)D initially higher in patients than controls, but decreased by delivery	[92]
			No change in any other parameter
12 (12)	T3	Serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase	↓ Selenium in ICP	[90]
			↓ Glutathione peroxidase activity
33 (5680)	T2	Serum AFP and hCG	No differences	[87]
26 (13)	NR	Thyroid hormones	↓ T3	[93]
21 (98)	T3	Serum selenium, zinc and copper	↓ Selenium in ICP	[96]
			↑ (Double) copper in ICP
			No difference in zinc
72 (30)	T3	Renal function tests: uric acid, urea, potassium, sodium, creatinine	↑ Uric acid and creatinine	[97]
22 (21)	NR	Maternal-fetal mixed lymphocyte reaction	↓ Transformation rate of lymphocytes	[86]
24 (1148)	T3	Serum AFP and β-hCG	No differences	[95]
30 (30)	T3	Serum neopterin and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R)	↑ Neopterin and sIL-2R	[99]
58 (42)	T3	Alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) activity	↑α-HBDH	[100]

NR: Not reported; T3: Third trimester; T2: Second trimester; PN: Postnatal.