Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Table 1 The reported incidence of ICP in different countries and ethnic groups

Country	Prevalence (%)	Year of study	Diagnostic criteria	References
Australia	0.2	1964-1966	P, J, LFT, PR1	[5]
Australia	1.5	1968-1970	P, J, LFT, R	[8]
Australia	0.2	1975-1984	P, J, LFT, PR; SBA (from 1982)	[3]
Bolivia	9.2	1976	P, J, B, LD	[7]
Aimaras	13.8
Quechas	4.3
Caucasians	7.8
Mixed Indian	7.3
Canada	0.07	1963-1976	J, P, LFT, LD, R	[4]
Chile		1974-1975	P, J, B, LD	[6]
Aimaras	11.8
Araucanian	27.6
Caucasian	15.1
Chile	4.7	NA	P, SBA (10 &mgr;mol/L), B, LFT	[10]
Chile	6.5	1988-1990	P, LD2	[18]
China	0.32	1981-1983	J, LFT, B, SBA, LD, R3	[12]
Chongqing
China	0.05	2003-2005	LFT, SBA (11 &mgr;mol/L), B, LD	[14]
Hong Kong
Finland	1.1	1971-1972	P, LFT	[13]
Finland	0.54	1990-1996	P, LFT, SBA (8 &mgr;mol/L), LD	[11]
Finland	0.54	1994-1998	P, LFT, SBA (8 &mgr;mol/L), LD	[9]
France	0.2	1953-1961	P, J, LFT, PR, R	[16]
France	0.53	1988-1989	LFT, B, SBA (6 &mgr;mol/L)	[19]
India	0.08	2002-2004	P, LD, LFT	[17]
Italy	0.96	1996-1999	P, LFT, SBA4	[15]
Italy	1	1989-1997	P, PR, LFT ± SBA	[20]
Poland	1.5	NA	P, LFT, B, LD	[21]
Portugal	1	NA	P, SBA, LFT, B, LD5	[24]
Sweden	1.5	1971-1974	P, LFT, LD	[23]
	1	1980-1982
Sweden	1.5	1999-2002	P, SBA (10 &mgr;mol/L), LFT, LD	[25]
USA	0.32	1997-1999	P, SBA or LFT, PR6	[26]
USA	5.6	1997-1998	P, SBA (20 &mgr;mol/L)	[27]
Latina
UK	0.7	1995-1997	P, SBA (14 &mgr;mol/L), LFT, LD	[22]
Caucasian	0.62
Indian	1.24
Pakistani	1.46

P: Pruritus; J: Jaundice; LFT: Raised AST and/or ALT; SBA: Raised serum bile acids [upper limit of normal defined as in the study (&mgr;mol/L)]; B: Raised bilirubin; PR: Postnatal resolution; LD: Other liver diseases excluded; R: Recurrence in subsequent pregnancy; NA: Information not available.

¹Absence of parenchymal necrosis on liver biopsy;

²Absence of fever or malaise, LFT’s only performed if jaundiced, dark urine or doubt over diagnosis;

³Absence of hepatomegaly;

⁴Absence of gallstones;

⁵Increased cholic acid percentage;

⁶Absence of other hepatic disease associated with pregnancy.