Role and outcome of conventional surgery in the treatment of pyogenic liver abscess in the modern era of minimally invasive therapy

Table 2 Indications, nature, and outcome of surgery

	Initial intervention	Indications of surgery	No.	Details	Nature of surgery	Outcome
Pyogenic liver abscess (n = 13)	Ultrasonography-guided drainage attempted (n = 7)	Complications arising from percutaneous drainage (n = 3)	2	Peritoneal spillage	D&D	Survive
			3	Peritoneal spillage	Lavage	Survive
			9	Peritoneal spillage	Lavage	Survive
		Failed percutaneous drainage (n = 4)	5	Multiloculated abscess	D&D, debridement	Die of MOFS
			10	Multiloculated abscess	D&D, chole, ECBD	Die of PE
			12	Multiloculated abscess	L lat sec, chole	Die of MOFS
			13	Multiloculated abscess	L lat sec, D&D	Survive
	Straight laparotomy (n = 6)	Peritonitis of uncertain diagnosis (n = 4)	1	Ruptured liver cyst?	D&D, chole	Die of MOFS
			4	Ischaemic bowel?	D&D, ECBD	Die of MOFS
			7	Ruptured liver cyst?	D&D	Survive
			11	Acute cholecystitis?	D&D, chole	Die of PE
		Percutaneous drainage not suitable (n = 2)	6	Multiloculated abscess pointing out	D&D, debridement	Survive
			8	Multiloculated abscess in a septic patient	L lat sec	Survive

D&D: Deroofment and drainage; chole : cholecystectomy; ECBD: Exploration of common bile duct; L lat sec: Left lateral sectionectomy; MOFS: Multiorgan failure syndrome; PE: Pulmonary embolism.