Practical guidelines for diagnosis and early management of drug-induced liver injury

Table 2 Drugs suspected of being responsible for at least two cases of drug-induced liver injury and the types of liver injury reported in recent literature

Use	Drugs	Hepatocellular	Cholestatic	Mixed
Anti-microbial	Amoxicillin-clavulanate	28	26	23
	Azithromycin	0	8	0
	Trovafloxacin	5	0	1
	Erythromycin	2	4	3
	Clindamycin	2	0	0
	Nitrofurantoin	1	1	0
	Levofloxacin	0	0	1
	Ciprofloxacin	2	1	1
	Flucloxacillin	0	7	1
	Sulfasalazine	1	0	1
	INH + RIP + PIZ	24	6	32
	HAART	4	1	1
	Dapsone	2	0	0
Anti-inflammatory	Acetaminophen	40	0	0
	Diclofenac	18	8	3
	Nimesulide	7	2	0
	Ibuprofen	8	3	9
Anti-convulsant	Carbamazepine	6	1	3
	Valproic acid	4	1	3
	Bentazepam	5	0	2
Psychiatric	Paroxetine	4	1	2
	Disulfiram	2	0	0
	Tetrabamate	6	1	0
Anti-cancer	Flutamide	12	1	5
	Methotrexate	3	0	0
Lipid-lowering	Atorvastatin	6	2	2
	Fenofibrate	1	0	2
Gastrointestinal	Ebrotidine	23	0	2
For circulation	Captopril	1	0	1
Anti-coagulant	Ticlopidine	8	5	1
For endocrine	Thiamazole	1	4	0
Immunosuppressant	Azathioprine	5	4	2
Others	Medical herbs	26	3	2
	OTC health supplements	3	0	0

INH: Isoniazid; RIP: Rifampicin; PIZ: Pirazinamide. HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapy. 40 cases from United States of America between 1998 and 2006; 28 cases from Spain between 1995-2005; 88 cases from Switzerland between 1996 and 2000; 461 cases from Spain between 1994 and 2004; 29 cases from United States of America between 1999 and 2003; 34 cases from France between 1997 and 2000; 77 cases from Sweden between 1995 and 2005; 31 cases from Asia between 2004 and 2006.