Management of recurrent rectal cancer: A population based study in greater Amsterdam

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of potentially prognostic factors for improved survival after treatment of patients with a locally recurrent rectal carcinoma in Greater Amsterdam (cases with distant dissemination and/or macroscopic residual disease at time of initial treatment are excluded)

Parameter	Number of cases	HR (95% CI)
Sex
Male (reference) vs female	33/29	1.9 (0.9-3.7)
Radiotherapy at initial treatment
No radiotherapy	23	1.0
Preoperative radiotherapy	23	1.2 (0.6-2.5)
Postoperative radiotherapy	16	0.9 (0.4-1.8)
Distant dissemination at time of local recurrence
Absent (reference) vs present	32/30	0.8 (0.4-1.6)
Surgical treatment of locally recurrent disease
No surgery	42	1.0
Radical surgery	10	0.1 (0.0-0.3)
Non-radical surgery	10	0.5 (0.2-1.3)

HR > 1: Worse prognosis; HR < 1: Better prognosis.