Role of sex steroid receptors in pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Estrogen receptor expression in liver tissue samples from HCC patients

Subcellular localization	Method	ER subtype/Antibody source	n	Subjects	Positive cases	Country and area	Yr	Reference
Cytosolic	BA	NA	5	5 M	5 M	United States	1982	[30]
Cytosolic and nuclear	BA	NA	5	3 M, 2 F	3 M, 2 F	United Kingdom	1983	[31]
Cytosolic	IHC	NA, Anti ER Ab Hypolabs, Switzerland	10	NA	1	Singapore	1984	[39]
Cytosolic	BA	NA	30	29 M, 1 F	12	Japan	1986	[13]
Cytosolic and nuclear	BA	NA	8	6 M, 2 F	1 M	Japan	1986	[17]
Cytosolic	BA	NA	13	9 M, 4 F	1 F	Japan	1987	[32]
Cytosolic	EIA	Abbot ER-EIA monoclonal kit	13	9 M, 4 F	3 M, 2 F	Japan	1987	[32]
Cytosolic	BA	NA	19	19 F	7 F	Japan	1989	[15]
Cytosolic	BA	NA	66	52 M, 14 F	23 M, 3 F	Japan	1990	[34]
Cytosolic	BA	NA	6	4 M, 2 F	1 F	Japan	1990	[35]
Cytosolic	BA	NA	21	18 M, 3 F	9 M, 1 F	Japan	1991	[36]
Cytosolic and nuclear	BA	NA	9	6 M, 3 F	6 M, 2 F	Italy, United States	1991	[37]
Cytosolic and nuclear	BA	NA	9	6 M, 3 F	6 M, 2 F	Italy, United States	1991	[33]
NA	IHC	NA, Abott, ER-ICA	15	12 M, 3 F	0	Italy	1993	[40]
Cytosolic	EIA	NA, Abbot anti ER	26	18 M, 8 F	4	Spain	1993	[41]
Cytosolic	EIA	NA, Abbot anti ER	33	20 M, 13 F	8 M, 5 F	Germany	1997	[42]
Cytosolic	IHC	NA, ER monoclonal Ab, Dako	71	59 M, 12 F	15 M, 2 F	Hong Kong	1997	[43]
Cytosolic and nuclear	IHC	ERα, Santacruz	45	37 M, 8 F	21 (cytosolic)	United States, Korea1	2004	[44]
					11 (nuclear)
NA	IHC	NA	28	NA	11	China	2004	[45]
NA	IHC	NA	66		3	Mexico	2007	[46]
Nuclear	IHC	ERα, Dako (ID5)	31	26 M, 5 F	12 M, 4 F	Spain	2007	[47]

ER: Estrogen receptor; BA: Binding assay; EIA: Enzyme immunoassay; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; n: Sample size; M: Male; F: Female; NA: Information not available; Ab: Antibody.

¹Study conducted in USA on patient population from Korea.