A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Chinese literature for the treatment of achalasia

Table 1 Demographic data of studies included in systematic review

	No. of patients	Age (yr) (median) (range)	Sex (M/F)	Remission rate (%) (mo)	Relapse rate (%) (mo)	Follow up time (mo)	Complications (n/N, type)
Cai et al 2003[10]	62 BoTx	38.7 ± 32.8	72/46	67.35 (12)	25.8 (12)	24
	56 PD			92	5.40		1/56 EF
Liu et al 2003[11]	16 BoTx	36.2 ± 13.4	7/9	18.75 (12)	NA	12	0/16
	16 PD	35.2 ± 10.2	6/10	37.50
	16 BoTx + PD	38.1 ± 12.6	8/8	87.50
Gui et al 2006[12]	16 BoTx	32.3 ± 10.2	5/11	87.5 (12 )	37.5 (12)	12	0/16
	16 PD		7/9	93.80	18.80
Yang et al 2002[13]	24 BoTx	42.2 ± 13.1	10/14	16.67 (12)	NA	12	0/24
	24 PD		12/12	33.33
Jin et al 2004[14]	14 BoTx	35.3 ± 15.3	6/8	21.4 (12)	NA	24
	16 PD		7/9	62.50	NA		1/16 PF
Qian et al 2006[15]	20 BoTx	53.4 ± 10.4	12/8	50 (12)	NA	24	0/20
	20 PD		10/10	85			2/20
Yin et al 2003[16]	18 BoTx	36.8 ± 12.1	10/8	50 (12)	38.9 (12)
	13 PD		7/6	76.90	23.10
Yang et al 2006[17]	25 PD	37.1 ± 13.6	13/12	28 (12)	36 (12)	24	13 MH
	18 BoTx + PD		8/10	61	16.70		3 MH
Jia et al 2001[18]	20 PD	43.4 ± 15.1	12/8	52.63 (12)	47.06 (12)	unclear
	19 HM	41.8 ± 13.9	10/9	94.4 (12)	0		8 GER
Ge et al 1997[19]	20 PD	39.5 ± 11.2	16/24	75 (12)	NA	24	1 GER
	20 HM			93 (12)		168	3 GER
Jiang et al 2007[20]	27 TM	43.4 ± 15.1	12/15	85.2 (24)	11 (12)	24	3 PF
	8 LM + Dor	50.3 ± 13.5	3/5	87.50	12.50		1 PF
Guo et al 2005[21]	29 LM	38.2 ± 10.6	15/14	100 (24)	0	2-60
	54 TM	39.1 ± 12.1	21/33	98.1 (24)	1.9 (12)	1-80	1 PA
Li et al 1994[22]	15 HM	38.6 ± 15.6	28/44	86.4 (12)	NA	36	3/15 GER
	52 HM + Dor			96			5/52 GER
Jiang et al 2002[23]	30 PD	36 ± 10.6	19/21	87 (12)	13 (12)
	10 HM			100	0 (120)		3/10 GER
Jiang et al 2007[24]	30 TM	45.2 ± 13.1	12/18	90 (48)	3.3 (2y)	96	3 PF
Gu et al 2007[25]	125 PD	48.3 ± 19.3	57/68	92.14 (12)	7.86 (60)	60	1 PF; 1 GER
Zhang et al 2005[26]	90 Open - TM	37.1 ± 20.1	40/50	100 (12)	0 (12)	3	1 PF
Xu et al 2007[27]	29 BoTx - PD	40.6 ± 13.3	12/17	93.1 (12)	6.9 (12)	12	NA
Xu et al 2003[28]	28 PD	32.6 ± 14.2	4/24	85.7 (12)	14.3 (12)	24	None
Li et al 2004[29]	75 PD	37 ± 11.1	39/36	91 (12)	10.7 (12)	12	2 PF
Jia et al 2003[30]	38 PD	31.3 ± 12.0	12/26	89.5 (12)	10.5 (12)	36	1 MH
Chen et al 2005[31]	32 PD	40.2 ± 10.6	8/24	81.25 (24)	18.6 (24)	24	3 MH
Zhu et al 2005[32]	23 PD	33.4 ± 12.3	9/14	75 (24)	25 (24)	24	17 MH
Ma et al 2002[33]	26 PD	34.2 ± 11.3	14/12	92.3 (24)	3.8 (24)	4-36	7 CP
Wu et al 2007[34]	29 PD	38.2 ± 14.1	21/8	82.7 (12)	10.3 (12)	12-102	3 GER
Lin et al 2004[35]	37 PD	33.1 ± 12.3	21/16	91.9 (24)	8 (12)	12	8 CP
Jia et al 2003[36]	19 PD	26.2 ± 8.90	8/11	82 (24)	18.8 (24)	24	8 GER
Wei et al 2005[37]	18 HM	32.1 ± 10.1	12/6	94.4 (12)	5.6 (12)	24	2 GER
Zhong et al 2003[38]	58 PD	42.5 ± 2.5	28/27	93.1 (12)	6.9 (12)	16-24	4 GER
Du et al 2003[39]	48 HM	35.0 ± 11.2	22/26	100 (24)	0 (24)	75	3 GER
Li et al 2005[40]	19 HM	32.8 ± 11.6	20/12	94.4 (12)	5.3 (12)	12-120	4 GER
	13 HM + Dor			100 (12)	0		1 GER
Song et al 2001[41]	21 HM	34.5 ± 9.30	12/9	90.5 (12)	0	12-144	2 GER
Li et al 2005[42]	15 HM	29 ± 7.80	5/10	100 (12)	0	36-156	0
Xiao et al 2004[43]	27 LM	48.1 ± 12.6	15/12	96.3 (24)	3.7 (24)	14	0
Sun et al 2003[44]	39 HM	31.3 ± 7.60	15/24	83.8 (24)	1.7 (24)	12-120	9 LM
Wang et al 2005[45]	21 HM+Dor	45.5 ± 13.5	6/15	100 (24)	0	24-60	0
Lu et al 2002[46]	56 HM	37 ± 11.2	24/32	96.4 (36)	3.6 (36)	3-178	16 GER
Zhu et al 2007[47]	56 PD	37.5 ± 10.7	17/39	84.4 (12)	15 (12)	1-48	0
Chen et al 2003[48]	32 PD	35 ± 13.2	14/18	81.3 (12)	3.8 (12)	1-6	6 CP
Wang et al 2007[49]	25 PD	35.8 ± 9.30	10/15	89 (12)	8 (12)	12-36	5 GER
Han et al 2004[50]	34 PD	32.3 ± 11.8	20/14	92 (24)	5.9 (12)	24-35	1 PF
Yang et al 2007[51]	16 TM	42.5 ± 10.2	6/10	93.3 (12)	6.7 (12)	14	1 ML
Huang et al 2005[52]	18 TM	39 ± 8.90	7/11	94 (12)	6 (12)	1-80	1 PA; 3 ML

BoTx: Botulinum toxin; PD: Pneumatic dilation; BoTx-PD: Botulinum toxin plus Pneumatic dilation; HM: Heller myotomy; HM + Dor: Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication; EF: Esophageal fistula; PF: Perforation; MH: Mucosae hemorrhage; PA: Pulmonary atelectasis; CP: Chest pain; MIS: Metal internal stent; ML: Mucosae laceration; CP: Chest pain; PA: Pulmonary atelectasis.