Potentially probiotic bacteria induce efficient maturation but differential cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Figure 6 Pre-treatment of human moDCs with proinflammatory cytokines affects bacteria induced cytokine production. MoDCs were primed with IL-6, TNF-α, or IFN-γ for 16 h. Unprimed or cytokine primed cells were stimulated with GAS or Bb99 (bacteria:host cell ratio of 40:1). Cell culture supernatants were collected at 24 h after stimulation, and cytokine levels in supernatants were determined by ELISA. The experiment was done with cells obtained from four blood donors, and results of a representative experiment out of two are shown. The data is shown as the means, and the error bars represent standard deviations. White bars indicate cytokine priming. GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes; Bb99: Bifidobacterium breve Bb99.