Evaluation of mannitol effect in patients with acute hepatic failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure using conventional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy

Table 7 Summary of mean diffusivity values (mean ± SD) in units of 10^-3 mm²/s from different white and gray matter regions in controls, patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) before the intravenous infusion of mannitol (pre-mannitol study) and after receiving mannitol (post-mannitol study)

Region	Study
	Control (n = 5)			ALF patient (n = 5)			ACLF patient (n = 5)
	Pre-mannitol	Post-mannitol	P	Pre-mannitol	Post-mannitol	P	Pre-mannitol	Post-mannitol	P
ALIC	0.76 ± 0.07	0.76 ± 0.05	0.60	0.68 ± 0.02	0.68 ± 0.02	0.75	0.72 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.08	0.56
PLIC	0.74 ± 0.06	0.75 ± 0.05	0.75	0.67 ± 0.03	0.67 ± 0.02	0.92	0.65 ± 0.03	0.65 ± 0.04	0.77
CN	0.73 ± 0.02	0.74 ± 0.02	0.75	0.68 ± 0.01	0.69 ± 0.02	0.92	0.69 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.09	0.25
P	0.69 ± 0.01	0.70 ± 0.06	0.25	0.64 ± 0.03	0.63 ± 0.01	0.47	0.69 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.06	0.39
TH	0.72 ± 0.03	0.71 ± 0.03	0.92	0.66 ± 0.02	0.66 ± 0.04	0.92	0.71 ± 0.02	0.74 ± 0.05	0.56
FWM	0.77 ± 0.06	0.76 ± 0.07	0.75	0.67 ± 0.01	0.66 ± 0.05	0.92	0.65 ± 0.02	0.66 ± 0.13	0.25
OWM	0.76 ± 0.05	0.76 ± 0.07	0.92	0.66 ± 0.03	0.66 ± 0.05	0.75	0.76 ± 0.11	0.68 ± 0.05	0.56
CC	0.74 ± 0.07	0.74 ± 0.07	0.92	0.74 ± 0.09	0.74 ± 0.08	0.92	0.77 ± 0.09	0.77 ± 0.09	0.77
Cingulum	0.72 ± 0.05	0.72 ± 0.09	0.75	0.72 ± 0.10	0.72 ± 0.04	0.75	0.73 ± 0.03	0.70 ± 0.06	0.56
Frontal cortex	0.69 ± 0.07	0.69 ± 0.04	0.92	0.68 ± 0.04	0.68 ± 0.05	0.92	0.65 ± 0.05	0.70 ± 0.03	0.08
Parietal cortex	0.68 ± 0.06	0.68 ± 0.05	0.92	0.68 ± 0.01	0.68 ± 0.03	0.47	0.69 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.04	0.08
Occipital cortex	0.67 ± 0.07	0.67 ± 0.06	0.92	0.66 ± 0.02	0.66 ± 0.05	0.92	0.69 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.03	0.15

ALIC: Anterior limb of internal capsule; PLIC: Posterior limb of internal capsule; CN: Caudate nuclei; P: Putamen; TH: Thalamus; FWM: Frontal white matter; OWM: Occipital white matter; CC: Corpus callosum.