Endoscopic and histopathological study on the duodenum of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection

Table 3 Reported endoscopic findings of the duodenum with strongyloidiasis in literature

Authors	Year	No. of cases	Immunosuppressive state	Endoscopic findings of the duodenum
Brasitus et al[3]	1980	1	None	Brisk bleeding, deformed bulb
Milder et al[4]	1981	2	ND	Enlarged folds
Bone et al[5]	1982	1	ND	Deformed cap, obliterated second part
Bhatt et al[6]	1990	1	None	Mild erythema
Chen et al[7]	1994	1	Corticosteroids	Flattened folds, swelling mucosa, tiny ulcer
Choudhry et al[8]	1995	3	DM, none	Multiple serpiginous lesions, duodenal nodule
Hizawa et al[9]	1996	1	HTLV-1 and corticosteroids	Edema, tiny white spots
Friedenberg et al[10]	1999	1	HTLV-1	Severe stenosis
Overstreet et al[11]	2003	1	HIV	White punctate dotting mucosa
Asano et al[12]	2004	1	HTLV-1	Fine granule, coarse mucosa, disappeared folds
Thompson et al[13]	2004	6	Corticosteroids, DM, HIV, none	Edema, brown discoloration, erythematous spots,
				subepithelial hemorrhage, megaduodenum
Seet et al[14]	2005	1	Anti-myeloma drugs	Erythematous and granular mucosa
Karmo et al[15]	2006	1	Corticosteroids	Normal
Ghoshal et al[16]	2006	1	Corticosteroids	Multiple nodules
Werneck-Silva et al[17]	2006	4	ND	Erythema, erosion
Csermely et al[18]	2006	1	Anti-myeloma drugs	Necrotic ulcerations
Suarez and Sanchez[19]	2006	11	ND	Swollen folds of nodular aspect

ND: Not determined.