Factors that impact health-related quality of life in adults with celiac disease: A multicenter study

Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients n (%)

	Pre-treatment	GFD
Number	177	163
Age (yr)	44 (30-50)	37 (28-47)a
Sex (male/female)	74/103	42/121
Smoking status
Smoker	29 (16)	33 (25)
Non-smoker	148 (84)	130 (75)
City of residence
< 100 000 inhabitants	69 (43)	61 (39)
100 000-500 000	72 ( 45)	65 (41)
> 500 000	18 (12)	31 (20)
Family status
Single	57 (33)	67 (42)
Married	108 (63)	84 (53)
Widowed	5 (4)	8 (5)
Educational level
No studies	7 (4)	4 (2)
Primary	56 (33)	38 (24)
Secondary	55 (32)	61 (38)
University studies	52 (31)	55 (36)
Occupational status
Employee/self-employed	67 (41)	94 (62)
Retired/pensioner	36 (22)	14 (9)
Housewife	30 (18)	16 (10 )
Student	12 (7)	19 (12)
Unemployed	17 (12)	10 (7)
Disease duration (mo)	-	48 (24-84)
Duration of symptoms before diagnosis (mo)	24 (7-84)	12 (5-40)
Presence of symptoms at inclusion	118 (80)	52 (33)b
Presence of associated diseases at inclusion	42 (41)	41 (37)

Results are expressed as medians and (25^th and 75^th percentiles) or absolute values and (percentage).

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01.