Effect of Breathwalk on body composition, metabolic and mood state in chronic hepatitis C patients with insulin resistance syndrome

Table 1 Demographic and clinic characteristics of patients with HCV infection at the beginning of the breathwalking (BW) program

Parameter	HCV group	Reference range
	n = 17
Age (yr)	51 ± 10.2	-
Sex F/M (%)	11/6 (65/35)	-
DM2 (%)	3 (18)	-
BMI (kg/m2)	27.6 ± 3.2	< 25
Waist circumference (cm)	88.0 ± 10.4	< 80 cm F, < 94 cm M
Fat percentage (mean)	32.3 ± 7.1	< 28% F, < 20% M
Soft lean mass (kg)	44.2 ± 7.9	-
Glucose (mg/dL)	94.0 ± 16.5	< 110
ALT (U/L)	106.7 ± 93.1	< 55
AST (U/L)	101.4 ± 66.6	< 40
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	157.1 ± 35.0	< 200
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	165.0 ± 86.5	< 160
HOMA ratio	3.7 ± 1.8	< 2.5
Metabolic syndrome (%)	10 (59)	1

DM2: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; F: Female; M: Male; HOMA: Homeostasis model of assessment.

¹NCEP (National cholesterol education program) ATP III (adult treatment panel III) 2001/2 criteria from metabolic syndrome.