Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease, reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease among Chinese patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination

Table 5 Association between variables determined using univariate analysis: GERD (n = 701) vs non-GERD (n = 1530) patients

Variables	GERDn (%)	P value	OR	Univariate (95% CI)
				Low	High
Age (yr)
> 65	106/239 (44.40)	< 0.0001	0.53	0.41	0.70
≤ 65	595/1992 (29.90)
Gender
Male	439/1263 (34.80)	< 0.0001	0.7	0.58	0.84
Female	262/968 (27.10)
Working burden
Heavy	64/147 (43.50)	0.694	1.04	0.86	1.27
Moderate	299/975 (30.70)	0.004	0.6	0.42	0.85
Mild	282/895 (31.50)
Marital status
Divorced/ widowed	6/14 (42.90)	< 0.0001	2.05	1.49	2.82
Single	52/261 (19.90)	0.478	0.68	0.24	1.97
Married	592/1752 (33.80)
Excessive eating
Yes	245/704 (34.80)	0.009	0.77	0.63	0.94
No	372/1276 (29.20)
Routine intake of greasy food
Yes	231/618 (37.40)	< 0.0001	0.65	0.53	0.80
No	375/1347 (27.80)
Routine intake of spicy food
Yes	196/512 (38.30)	< 0.0001	0.65	0.52	0.80
No	418/1463 (28.60)
Routine intake of acidic beverage
Yes	118/358 (33.00)	0.403	0.90	0.71	1.15
No	493/1606 (30.70)
Routine intake of strong tea
Yes	149/343 (43.40)	< 0.0001	0.51	0.4	0.64
No	451/1613 (28.00)
Routine intake of sweet food
Yes	225/683 (32.90)	0.122	0.85	0.70	1.04
No	375/1269 (29.60)
Heavy smoking
Yes	209/562 (37.20)	< 0.0001	0.68	0.55	0.83
No	407/1426 (28.50)
Excessive alcohol
Yes	185/503 (36.80)	0.002	0.71	0.57	0.88
No	434/1486 (29.20)
Routine intake of coffee
Yes	26/77 (33.80)	0.529	0.86	0.53	1.39
No	568/1869 (30.40)
Constipation
Yes	122/316 (38.60)	0.002	0.68	0.53	0.87
No	489/1641 (29.80)

GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.