Outcomes of patients with cirrhosis undergoing non-hepatic surgery: Risk assessment and management

Table 2 Surgical severity risk stratification[14]

Low risk	Moderate risk	High risk
Eye	Intracranial surgery	Lung resection
ENT	Laminectomy/Disc surgery	Heart surgery
Dental	Thyroidectomy	AAA repair
Sinuses/Tonsils	Other endocrine surgery	Porto-systemic shunt
Chest tube/ Thoracentesis	Head and neck surgery	Splenectomy
Bronchoscopy	Major blood vessels surgery	Laparotomy
Laryngoscopy	Peripheral artery surgery	Esophagus/Stomach surgery
Tracheostomy	Embolectomy	Liver/Biliary surgery
Venous procedures	Carotid artery surgery	Small bowel/Large bowel/Pancreas surgery
Vein stripping	Rectal/Anal surgery	Renal surgery
Pacemaker insertion	Herniorrhaphy	Hip surgery
Lymph node biopsy/ resection	Bladder procedures	Back fusion
GI endoscopy	Prostate procedures	Long bone fractures
Laparoscopy	Hysterectomy ± oophorectomy
GU endoscopy	Amputations
Male GU procedures	Hand, foot, knee surgery
Female GU procedures	Breast biopsy/ mastectomy
D & C
Skin lesion excision
Superficial tumor excision
Other diagnostic/ therapeutic procedures

ENT: Ear, nose and throat; GI: Gastrointestinal; GU: Genitourinary; D & C: Dilatation and curettage; AAA: Abdominal aortic aneurysm.