Diet, H pylori infection and gastric cancer: Evidence and controversies

Table 1 Epidemiological studies (population-based case-control) on dietary factors and gastric cancer

Author	Yr	Geographic area	Case/Control n	Increased risk	Decreased risk
Risch HA5	1985	Canada	246/146	Nitrite, chocolate, carbohydrates	Fiber, Vit. C
Buiatti E6	1990	Italy	1016/1159	Nitrites, protein	Vit. C, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, vegetable fat
Graham S7	1990	USA	293/293	Sodium, fat, retinol	β-Carotene, raw vegetables, onions, cucumbers
Ramon JM8	1993	Spain	117/234	--	Vit. A, Vit. C
Kaaks R9	1998	Belgium	301/2851	Vit. A, Vit. B12, mono, disaccharides	Polyunsaturated fat, Vit. C/B1-B2-B6, C/A
Lopez-Carrillo L10	1999	Mexico	220/752	Protein, saturated fat, cholesterol	Polyunsaturated fat, fiber, Vit. E
Mathew A11	2000	India	194/305	Rice, spicy foods, chili, high-temperature food	--
Palli D12	2001	Italy	382/561	Protein, nitrite, sodium	Vit. C/B6, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, nitrates
Mayne ST13	2001	USA	352/687	Animal protein, cholesterol, Vit. B12, nitrite	Fiber, β-carotene, folate, Vit. C
Jedrychowski W14	2001	Poland	80/--	Carbohydrates	Vit. E, β-carotene
Hamada GS15	2002	Brazil	97/192	Beef	Fruits
Chen H16	2002	Nebraska	124/449	Saturated fat	Fiber, Vit. C
Hara M17	2003	Japan	149/287	--	Cruciferous vegatables, mushrooms
Nomura AM18	2003	Hawaii	300/446	Processed meat, bacon	β-carotene, Vit. C, Vit. E, folate
Lagiou P19	2004	Greece	110/100	--	Flavanone
De Stefani E20	2004	Uruguay	240/960	Salted-stewed meat, rice, tuber	Vegetables, legumes, fruit, black tea