Anti-inflammatory properties of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate: A study with relevance to inflammatory bowel disease

Figure 3 Dose-dependent effects of propionate in organ cultures from inflamed mouse colon. Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) was used to induce colonic inflammation. Upper panel: IL-6 mRNA expression (data is shown as changes relative to the expression value obtained in non-inflamed organ cultures). Lower panel: IL-6 protein levels (bars) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (diamonds) in culture medium. Organ cultures were exposed to various concentrations of propionate for 24 h. Mean ± SEM (n = 4), ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01.