Exploitation of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of epithelial inflammatory diseases

Figure 4 Nicotine inhibits the release of multiple cytokines (TNF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and the common IL-12/IL-23 subunit, p40) under the control of the NF-κB pathway. Cells were pre-treated with nicotine (100 ng/mL) for 2 h then stimulated with purified LPS (0 to 1 x 10⁴ ng/mL) for 24 h. Cell-free supernatants were harvested by centrifugation and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA. Data represents the mean (SD) of triplicate experiments.