Gut hormones, and short bowel syndrome: The enigmatic role of glucagon-like peptide-2 in the regulation of intestinal adaptation

Figure 1 Potential pathways involved in the production, release, activity, and sites of action of GLP-2. GLP-2 produced by the L-cell is induced following the ingestion of a meal and can be induced either by direct stimulation of the L-cell, or potentially following the release of upstream neuronal /hormonal agonists. The GLP-2R has been localized to components of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and to regions of the brain, thus the growth-promoting effects associated with GLP-2 may involve interactions with the brain-gut axis. Potentially the ENS / vagal interface might be responsible for the early release of GLP-2.