Optimal injection volume of epinephrine for endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding

Table 2 Clinical outcomes of endoscopic injection therapy

	Epinephrine(20 mL) n (%)	Epinephrine(30 mL) n (%)	Epinephrine(40 mL) n (%)
Initial hemostasis	74 (97.4)	75 (98.7)	76 (100)
Recurrent bleeding	15/74 (20.3)b	4/75 (5.3)	2/72 (2.8)
Perforated peptic ulcer	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (5.3)a
Surgical intervention	4 (5.3)	2 (2.6)	5 (6.6)
Transfusion requirement (units)	4.7 ± 3.4	4.5 ± 3.2	4.2 ± 3.6
Total hospital stay (days)	10.8 ± 3.3	9.7 ± 3.5	10.2 ± 3.1
Deaths from bleeding	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
30-d mortality	3 (3.9)	2 (2.6)	4 (5.3)
No. of patients that felt pain'	2 (2.6)	5 (6.6)	51 (67.1)d

^aP < 0.05 vs the 20 mL and 30 mL epinephrine groups;

^bP < 0.01 vs the 30 mL and 40 mL epinephrine groups;

^dP < 0.001 vs the 20 mL and 30 mL epinephrine groups;' Epigastric pain induced by endoscopic injection of epinephrine.