1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents DNA damage and restores antioxidant enzymes in rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine and promoted by phenobarbital

Table 3 Effect of 1α, 25(OH)₂D₃ on incidence, number and size of hepatocellular lessions during DEN induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by phenobarbital (mean ± SE)

Group	No. of rats with nodules	Nodule incidence (%)	Total No. of nodule	Average No. of nodules per nodule bearing liver	Relative size
					< 1 mm	> 1 mm, < 3 mm	> 3 mm
A	10/10	100	168	16.80±1.33	94 (55.95)	48 (28.57)	26 (15.47)
C	6/10	60b	22	3.66±0.88	11 (50.0)	6 (27.27)	05 (22.72)
E	8/10	80d	72	8.00±1.05	28 (38.88)	24 (33.33)	20 (27.77)

Statistical level of significance by using Dunnett’s t-test,

^bP < 0.01,

^dP < 0.01 compared with group A.