Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A general population-based study in Xi’an of Northwest China

Table 5 The Association Between SGER and Selected Risk Factors

Selected risk factors	Factor exposure			Non-factor exposure			P value	OR1 (95%CI)
	Responders n	Responders with SGER n	Rate (%)	Responders n	Responders with SGER n	Rate (%)
Current smoking	992	189	19.05	1540	241	15.65	< 0.05	1.27 (1.17-1.38)
Heavy smoking	219	99	45.21	2313	320	13.84	< 0.01	4.94 (3.70-6.61)
Heavy alcohol use	74	26	35.14	2458	404	16.44	< 0.01	2.85 (1.67-4.49)
Peptic ulcer	59	31	52.54	2473	399	16.13	< 0.01	5.76 (3.99-8.32)
Abdominal operation	99	34	34.34	2433	396	16.28	< 0.01	2.69 (1.75-4.13)
Erebral palsy	18	8	44.44	2514	422	16.78	< 0.01	3.97 (1.97-8.00)
Obesity	139	41	29.50	2392	389	16.26	< 0.01	2.16 (1.47-3.16)
Over intake	614	129	21.01	1918	301	15.69	< 0.01	1.43 (1.17-1.75)
Sweet food	695	133	19.14	1837	297	16.17	> 0.05	1.23 (0.98-1.54)
Coffee	85	17	20.00	2447	413	16.88	> 0.05	1.230.76-2.00)
Tea	798	145	18.17	1734	285	16.44	> 0.05	1.13 (0.91-1.44)
Pepper food	1533	266	17.35	999	164	16.42	> 0.05	1.07 (0.86-1.32)
Fat intake	1065	181	17.00	1467	249	16.97	> 0.05	1.00 (0.81-1.23)

¹OR¨RR2.6: a strong association; OR = 1.7-2.5: a moderate association; OR = 1.2-1.6: a mild association; OR = 0.9-1.1: no association.