Artificial intelligence in endoscopy: The challenges and future directions

Figure 1 The endoscopy procedure. A: The oesophagus camera; B: A montage display of a clip of an endoscopic video including narrow-band imaging and conventional white light endoscopy (e.g., top 2 rows). C: Colour misalignment; S: Saturation; B: Blurry; D: Device.

Figure 2 Examples of endoscopic images where green and blue masks refer to low and high grade dysplasia respectively and red for squamous cell cancer. A-D: White light endoscopy; E-G: Narrow band imaging; H: Lugol’s. Mask colours: Green = low grade dysplasia; Blue = high grade dysplasia; Red = Squamous cell cancer.