Daikenchuto for postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Year	Country	Study design	Dose (g)	No. of patients with Daikenchuto (surgery: No surgery)	No. of patients without Daikenchuto (surgery: No surgery)	OR (95%CI)
Oyabu et al[23]	1995	Japan	RCT	15	1:27	5:20	0.15 (0.02-1.37)
Kubo et al[24]	1995	Japan	RCT	15	1:17	2:10	0.29 (0.02-3.67)
Itohet al[25]	2002	Japan	RCT	15	5:8	10:1	0.06 (0.01-0.65)
Moriwaki et al[26]	1992	Japan	Retrospective cohort	15	1:23	49:154	0.14 (0.02-1.04)
Furukawa et al[27]	1995	Japan	Retrospective cohort	7.5-15.0	6:20	26:49	0.57 (0.20-1.58)
Yasunaga et al[28]	2011	Japan	Retrospective cohort	Not mentioned	20:124	28:116	0.67 (0.36-1.25)

RCT: Randomized controlled trial.

Table 2 Critical appraisal for randomized controlled trials using critical appraisal skills program

	Oyabu et al[23]	Kubo et al [24]	Itoh et al [25]
1 Was the assignment of patients to treatments randomized?	Y	Y	Y
2 And if so, was the randomization list concealed (blinded or masked) to those deciding on patient eligibility for the study?	Y	Y	-
3 Were all patients analysed in the groups to which they were randomized (was an “intention to treat” analysis used)?	Y	N	Y
4 Were patients in the treatment and control groups similar with respect to known prognostic factors?	Y	Y	Y
5 Were patients, clinicians and outcome assessors kept “blind” to which treatment was being received?	-	-	-
6 Was follow-up complete?	Y	Y	Y

Y: Yes; N: No.

Table 3 Critical appraisal for cohort studies using newcastle ottawa quality assessment scale

	Moriwaki et al[26]	Furukawa et al [27]	Yasunaga et al [28]
Selection
Representativeness of the exposed cohort			Y
Selection of non-exposed cohort	Y	Y	Y
Ascertainment of exposure	Y	Y	Y
Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study	Y	Y	Y
Comparability
Comparability of cohorts on the basis of the design or analysis	Y	Y	Y
Outcome
Assessment of outcome
Was follow-up long enough to occur	Y	Y	Y
Adequacy of follow up of cohorts	Y	Y	Y

Y: Yes.