Addition of hip exercises to treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: A meta-analysis

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the number of studies identified, the number excluded and the reasons for exclusions, and the final number of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Figure 2 Forest plot of effect sizes from studies that assessed the effect of hip strengthening exercises on pain and function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. A square represents the effect size for a given study with the size of the square being proportional to the weighting of that study in the meta-analysis. A horizontal line indicates the 95%CI for an effect. Studies are arranged from lowest to highest effect size. The diamond at the bottom represents the overall effect size calculated using a random-effects model. The width of the diamond represents the 95%CI for the overall effect size.