Editorial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Pharmacol. Jun 9, 2015; 4(2): 168-171
Published online Jun 9, 2015. doi: 10.5497/wjp.v4.i2.168
Table 1 Unique characteristics and factors involved in enhanced permeability and retention effect
Active angiogenesis and high vascular density
Extensive production of vascular mediators that facilitate extraravasation
Bradykinin
Nitric oxide
Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor
Prostaglandins
Collagenase (matrix metalloproteinases, or MMPs)
Peroxynitrite
Defective vascular architecture, for example, lack of smooth muscle layer cells, lack of or fewer receptors for angiotensin II, large gap in endothelial cell-cell junctions, anomalous conformation of tumor vasculature (e.g., branching or stretching)
Impaired lymphatic clearance of macromolecules and lipids from interstitial tissue (→ prolonged retention of these substances)