Improving precision of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A review on the role of newer intraoperative imaging aids and artificial intelligence

doi:10.37126/aige.121644

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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2689-7164

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

Artif Intell Gastrointest Endosc. Sep 8, 2026; 7(2): 121644
Published online Sep 8, 2026. doi: 10.37126/aige.121644

Table 2 Detection rate of cystic duct and common bile duct across Nassar grades in low dose indocyanine green near infrared vs artificial intelligence integrated indocyanine green near infrared modes (the two studies are independent non comparative studies)

Anatomical structure	ICG NIR FC[52]		AI enabled ICG NIR FC[51]
Anatomical structure	Pre-dissection detection percentage	Post-dissection detection percentage	Video enabled detection percentage (sensitivity)
Nassar grade 1	CBD 39, CD 0	CBD 100, CD 70	CBD 100, CD 94.12
Nassar grade 2	CBD 39, CD 0	CBD 100, CD 70	CBD 98.61, CD 87.50
Nassar grade 3	CBD 0, CD 0	CBD 100, CD 73	CBD 100, CD 92.50
Nassar grade 4	CBD 0, CD 0	CBD 100, CD 73	CBD 98.25, CD 60.61

CBD: Common bile duct; CD: Cystic duct; ICG NIR FC: Indocyanine green near infrared fluorescence cholangiography; AI: Artificial intelligence.

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Citation: Hazrah P, Rautela VS, Sharma V, Mittal S, Madan RR, Sharma D. Improving precision of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A review on the role of newer intraoperative imaging aids and artificial intelligence. Artif Intell Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 7(2): 121644
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2689-7164/full/v7/i2/121644.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.37126/aige.121644

Hazrah P, Rautela VS, Sharma V, Mittal S, Madan RR, Sharma D. Improving precision of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A review on the role of newer intraoperative imaging aids and artificial intelligence. Artif Intell Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 7(2): 121644 [DOI: 10.37126/aige.121644]

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