Risk factor profiles for gastric cancer prediction with respect to Helicobacter pylori: A study of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Table 5 Gastric cancer associated risk factors chosen for prediction model building

Risk factors	Ref.
H. pylori infection	[1]
Family history	[4]
PPI	[8,20,21]
Addiction (smoking)	[13]
Passive smoking	[44,64]
Sewage system (cockroaches/H. pylori)	[31]
Potable water source (H. pylori)	[30]
Exercise/fruits and vegetables	[7,8]
BMI	[16]
Gender (male)	[12]
Age	[11]
High salt intake/green and black tea	[7,58]
Chili consumption	[24]
Processed food (meat) consumption	[19,40]
Sugar intake	[17]
Excess of rice and potatoes	[18]
Miswak usage	[23]

BMI: Body mass index; PPI: Proton pump inhibitors; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.